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Golf Of Mexico Oil Spill:



Section 1.1 Biomes- a biome is the largest part of the biosphere. The bigger regions in the biomes have similar biotic and abiotic components. The comparison of these components determines the characteristics of a biome. Temperature and Precipitation are the very main abiotic factors that are influenced by the distribution of biomes and the organisms within them. All living organisms have adaptations for survival in the specific enviroment that there placed in. 9 Biomes: -Tundra -Grassland ( Temperate and Tropical ) -Boreal Forest -Tropical Rainforest -Temperate Deciduous Forest -Desert ( Hot and Cold ) -Temperate Rainforest -Permanent Ice ( Polar Ice ) -Grassland ( Temperate and Tropical ) -Aquatic ( Fresh and Sult water )

Section 1.2 Ecosystems- The abiotic components help the life functions of the biotic components of an ecosystem. All the organisms inside a community constantly interact to receive resources such as food, water, sunlight, or a habitat. A few examples of these interactions in a ecosystem include commensalism, mutalism, parasitism, competition, and predation. Organisms all have special roles or a niche.

Section 2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems- In ecosystems energy comes from producers which are plants, to primary consumers which are herbivores to secondary and teritiary consumers, which are carnivores. Food chains and food webs represent this type of energy flow and the feeding relationships. There are 4 steps in a food chain and each level is called a trophic level. Food pyramids show how energy is lost at every single trophic level in an ecosystem.



2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems- In an ecosystem decomposer organisms are needed for breaking down biomass matter and recycling nutrients. Animal waste and dead organic matter are broken down by bacteria and also fungi. A few nutrients are released into the soil and make themselves availible for uptake by the roots of the plants for the production of new plant matter. Elements like oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon transmitted by air and water to the living components of an ecosystem. Decomposition of all the dead waste organic material returns all the hydrogen and carban in the atmosphere. Carbon is released as carbin dioxide from the decay of carbohydrates.

2.3 Effecrs of Bioaccumulation on Ecosystems- Synthetic chemicals enter into the environment through air, water and soil. Some plants use up some of these chemicals and the chemicals bioaccumulate in the fat tissue of herbivores and carnivores. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury also bioaccumulate in the environment and harm organisms.

3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems- Over long periods of time living organisms have changed alot as the abiotic and biotic factors in their environments have changed. The thing that makes changes in living things is called natural selection. In natural selection the best members of a species will survine and also reproduce.

3.2 How Humans Influence Ecosystems- Natural ecosystems everywhere have been affected by humans, either directly or indirectly. The new generations will feel the consequences more strongly than anyone who lived the previous life. Their understanding and involvement is essential from the outset because the repercussions which isnt their fault but will certainly be one of their big problems.

3.3 How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems- Introduced species are introduced to ecosystems and also are usually beneficial or harmless. Some introduced species are are invasive, invasive species are capable of destroying entire ecosystems. These types of species increase in number very quickly and are often aggressive.

Bibliography: Science 10 textbook []

__**>>HOW CLIMATE IS INFLUENCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES<<**

//Green House Gases//__

While the greenhouse effect is an essential environmental prerequisite for life on Earth, there really can be too much of a good thing. The problems begin when human activities distort and accelerate the natural process by creating //more// greenhouse gases in the atmosphere than are necessary to warm the planet to an ideal temperature.
 * **Burning natural gas, coal and oil** -including gasoline for automobile engines-raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
 * **Some farming practices and land-use changes** increase the levels of methane and nitrous oxide.
 * **Many factories produce long-lasting industrial gases** that do not occur naturally, yet contribute significantly to the enhanced greenhouse effect and "global warming" that is currently under way.
 * **Deforestation** also contributes to global warming. Trees use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen in its place, which helps to create the optimal balance of gases in the atmosphere. As more forests are logged for timber or cut down to make way for farming, however, there are fewer trees to perform this critical function.
 * **Population growth** is another factor in global warming, because as more people use fossil fuels for heat, transportation and manufacturing the level of greenhouse gases continues to increase. As more farming occurs to feed millions of new people, more greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere.

//__How Humans Effect The Climate

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