KueB

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//** __Unit 1. Sustaining Earth's Ecosystems!__ **//
Sustaining Earth's Ecosystems is very important. In this reason we are talking about three chapters which are __**Biomes and**__ **__ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere,__** **__Energy flow and nutrient cycles support life in ecosystems,__** and finally the __**Ecosystems continually change over time.**__ **// __Chapter 1.1__ //**,we are going to talk about **__"biomes"__**. **__Biomes__** are includes large regions that have similar "__**biotic**__" components, such as similar plants and animals, and similar "**__abiotic__**" components such as similar temperature and amount of rainfall. In this chapter we're also talk about "__Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of Biomes__." **__Temperature__** and **__Precipitation__** are tow of the most important abiotic factors that influence the characteristics of biomes and the distribution of biomes on Earth including **__Latitude,__** is the distance measured in dregrees north or south from the equator. The equator, which is at 0 degrees latitude, divides Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres. **__Elevation,__** is the height of a land mass above sea level. **__Ocean currents__ are another abiotic factor that affects temperature and precipitation and therefore influences the characteristics of biomes. __Climate__ is the average pattern of weather conditions that occur in a region, which are observed and recorded over a period of years. ** **__Climatograph__ is a graph of climate data for a specific region and is generated from data usually obtained over 30 years from local weather observation stations **. We also talk about **__Adaptations__** and **__Biomes,__** **__Adaptations__ are characteristics that enable organisms to better survive and reproduce. There are three types of adaptations: __structural, physiological,__ and __behavioural. Structural adaptation__ is a physical feature of an organism's body having a specific function that contributes to the survival of the organism. __Physiological adaptation__ is a physical or chemical event that occurs within the body of an organism that enables survival. __Behavioural adaptation__ refers to what an organism does to survive in the unique conditions of it's environment. So far in this chapter we have learned about __biomes, biotic__ and __abiotic__ and t **here are eight types of terrestrial biomes in Canada which are **__Boreal forest, Desert, Grassland, Permanent ice, Temperate deciduous forest, Temperate rainforest, Tropical rainforest__** and **__Tundra__**. media type="youtube" key="0an3svw88xo" height="385" width="480"

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//** __Chapter 1.2,__ **// talks about Ecosystems such as "**__Parts of an Ecosystem,__** **__Abiotic Interactions in Ecosystems,__** **__Biotic Interactions in Ecosystems,__** **__Symbiotic Relationships,__** **__Niches, competition,__** **__Predation,__** and **__Biodiversity in Ecosystems.__** In an ecosystem, **__abiotic__** components, such as oxygen, water, nutrients, light, and soil, support the life functions of biotic components, such as plants, animals, and micro-organisms. A **__habitat__** is the place in which an organism lives, as a result of these interactions, organisms have special role or niches in their ecosystems. ** __Nutrients__ ** such as nitrogen and phosphorus and chemicals that are required for plant and animal growth. ** __Photosynthesis__ ** is a chemical reaction that converts solar energy into chemical energy usable by plants. In __Biotic interactions in ecosystems__, we'll talk about a ** species ** is a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce with one another. ** Population ** refers to all the members of a particular species within an ecosystem. **__Community__** is all the populations of the different species that interact in a specific area or ecosystem. **__Commersalism, mutualism,__** and **__parasitism__** are examples of symbiosis or symbiotic relationships. **__Competition__** is a harmful interaction between two or more organisms that can occur when organisms compete for the same resource (such as food) in the same location at the same time. **__Predation__** is the term used to describe predator-prey interactions in which one organism (the predator) eats all or part of another organism (the prey). ======

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__//** Chapter 2.1 **//__, talks about __Biomess, Energy flow, Producer, Consumer ( primary, secondary, tertiary).__ **__Nutrients__** such as nitrogen and phosphorus and chemicals that are required for plant and animal growth. **__Biomess__** is total mass of all living things in a given area. __**Energy flow**__ is the transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem. __**Producer (plants)**__ produce carbohydrates from Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and the sun's energy, __**Consumers**__ get their energy by feeding on producers or other consumers. **__Decomposers__ change wastes and dead organisms into usable nutrients. ** It's also talks about the different between __food chains__ and __food web__, **__food chains__** show the flow of energy from plant to animal and from animal to animal and food web is interconnected food chains, illustrated in a model. There are four trophic level, __**producers (1st trophic level)**__, __**primary consumers (2nd trophic level),**__ **__secondary consumers (3rd trophic level),__** and __**tertiary consumers (4th trophic level).**__ **__Herbivores__** are only eat plants but __**carnivores, omnivores,**__ and __**detriovres**__ are only eat meats. ======

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__//** Chapter 2.2 **//__ talks about __**Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems,** **The cycling of nutrients in the Biosphere,** **The effect of human activities on nutrient cycles,** **The Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles,** **The carbon cycle,** **Human activities and the carbon cycle,** **The nitrogen cycle,** **Human activities and the nitrogen cycle,** **The phosphorus cycle,** **Human activities and the phosphorus cycle,**__ and __**How changes in nutrient cycle affect biodiversity**__. **__Nutrients__ are chemicals that are required for plants and animals growth and other life processes. __Nutrient cycles__ are cycled in the biosphere; the continuous flows of nutrients in and out of stores. __Sedimentation__ is the process that contributs to the formation of sedimentary rock. __Carbonate__ is a combination of carbon and oxygen (CO32-) that is dissolved in ocean water. __Photosynthesis__ is a chemical reaction that converts solar energy into chemical energy. __Cellular respiration__ is the process in which both plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere by converting carbohydrates and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. __Nitrogen fixation__ is the process in which nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into compounds that contain nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). __Denitrification__ is nitrogen returned to the atmosphere in a process. **We will learn so many things in 2.2 between human and cycles. ======

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__//** Chapter 2.3 **//__ talks about __**Effects of Bioaccumulation on ecosystems**__**,** __**How pollutants climb the food chain**__**,** __**Bioaccumulation**__**,** __**PCBs and the orca**__**,** __**Persistent organic pollutants**__**,** __**Heavy metals,** **Lead,** **Cadmium,** **Mercury,**__ and __**Reducing the effects of chemical pollution.**__ **__Keystone species__** are species that can greatly affect population numbers and the health of an ecosystem. **__Biomagnification__** is the process in which chemicals not only accumulate but become more concentrated at each trophic level. **__Half-life__** is the time it takes for the amount of a substance to decrease by half. **__Heavy metals__** are metallic elements with a high density that are toxic to organisms at low concentrations. __**Lead**__ is naturally present in all soils, generally in the range of 15 ppm to 40 ppm. **__Cadmium__** is found in Earth's crust and is released into the environment through rock weathering, volcanoes, and forest fires. Because of the human activities, effect the environments and animals. This is explain us properly about the effects of Bioaccumulation on ecosystems and pollutants cause the food chain. ======

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__//**Chapter 3.1**//__ talks about __**How changes occur naturally in ecosystems,** **How organisms adapt to change,** **How ecosystems change over time,**__ and __**How natural events affect ecosystems**__**.** **__Ecological succession__** is the term scientists use to refer to changes that take place over time in the types of organisms that live in an area. **Primary __succession__** occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as on bare rock. **__Pioneer species__** is the term scientists is the term scientists use to describe the lichens and other plants that are the first organisms to survive and reproduce in an area. **__Climax community__** is the process of primary succession leads to the development of a mature community. **__Secondary succession__** occurs as a result of a disturbance to an area that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms. **__Tsunami__** is the term used to describe a huge, rapidly moving ocean, rapidly moving ocean wave. **__Drought__** is a recurring event in many parts of the world. We had learn many way to change or adapt the organisms in the ecosystem and sometimes we can look forward to think about the organisms that had disappeared for long time ago. It's our duty to help out the animals that live in ecosystem otherwise we will loose everything in this world. ======

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__//** Chapter 3.2 **//__ talks about __**How humans influence ecosystems,** **Understand sustainability,** **The effects of land and resource** **use,** **Habitat loss,** **The effects of deforestation,** **The effects of agriculture,** **The effects of resource exploitation,**__ and **__Resource management and traditional ecological knowledge. Land use__ refers to the ways we use the land around us for urban development, agriculture, industry, mining, and forestry. __Resource use__ refers to the ways we obtain and use these materials. __Habitat loss__ refers to the destruction of habitats, which usually results from human activities. __Habitat fragmentation__ is the division of habitats into smaller, isolated fragments. **Deforestation **is the practice in which forests are logged or cleared for human use and never replanted. __Soil degradation__ can occur when water adn wind erosion removes topsoil from bare land. __Soil compaction__ occurs when soil particles are squeezed together and the air spaces between the particles are reduced. __Contamination__ is the introduction of chemicals, toxins, wastes, or micro-organisms into the environment in concentrations that are harmful to living things. **======

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__//** Chapter 3.3 **//__ talks about __**How introduced species affect ecosystems,** **The impact of introduced invasive species,**__ and __**Saving an ecosystem under siege.**__ **__Native species__** are plants and animals that naturally inhabit an area. __**Invasive**__ **__species__** are organisms that can take over the habitat of native species or invade their bodies, thus weakening their immune systems. In this chapter, we had learn so many things like __competition, predation disease__ and __parasites and habitat alteration,__ it's look similar as chapter 1.2.======

[[image:species2.jpg]]
__Gulf of Mexico__ The Gulf of Mexico is important to millions of people in the U.S, Mexico and Cuba and also for any organisms. On April 20, an oil rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion caused oil to leak. The oil rig is about 80 kilometers off shore and it's very dangerous because about 800,000 liters of oil have spilled into the ocean each day. It's difficult to clean up the oil rig. The oil harm wet lands, ocean, lands, beach and also the animals. All the people will loose their jobs because of the oil's harmful. It's a huge disaster for all people. These oil rig can spill everywhere and around the world. media type="youtube" key="9C_C7P7czx0" height="385" width="640"

__Bibliography!__ **__Used June 2, 3, 6 and 7.__**
 * BC Science 10
 * Some Ideas & opinion
 * Vancouver Sun
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//__ Wikispaces! __//
// The wikispace is incredible and i love it a lots. It's fun and helpful for me to know more abut it. You can upload images, videos and anything you want to and i really like it. I feel comfortable to do Science 10 project in the wikispace and i hope everyone will love it too. It's useful to all Science 10's students if they really care about the wikispace. Thank you! //

__//Kue's Science 10 page!!//__ [[image:r194556_737903.jpg]]
=** What changes can society make in order to deal with the problems associated with climate change? **=
 * There are a problems with climate change, people in the world do not know how to protect the environments and do not know how to change the situation about climate.C limate change threatens to ** cause famine, submerge coastal cities  ** under rising seas, turn some of our most productive farmlands into dust , and cause record-breaking heat waves in urban areas . They believed and used the technology that they built and they did not know that would cause the climate. There are no way to stop people from driving their cars everywhere because no one want to travel by their selves to work from home. To protect the environments, instead of driving cars, we must use bicycles or walk and that would be a good exercise for everyone if everybody do that. Another thing is to plant a trees to help more environments, use renewable sources for energy, conserve water. Factories should stop throwing chemicals into the river, and recycle. Nuclear and carbon dioxide can also effect the environments and climate. Reminding ourselves that there is a lot that we can personally do, and starting to take action to manage the environment better, can help us movie from despair and hopelessness to a sense of empowerment.[[image:environmental.jpg]]


 * People can stop throwing garbages on the road, in river and can put the garbages in the recycles as well. Exercises is a good societal values affect lifestyle that change people. People must do exercise fifteen minutes for every day and that will be helpful for their healths. People can stop cut down the trees, stop using carbon dioxide gases that cause climate change. Instead of using carbon dioxide gases people must plant the trees and anything that can make climate change better.People can join a conservation organization, volunteer time to conservation projects, give money to worthy conservation/environmental causes, watch nature programs on TV. People can stop buy food or household products in plastic or Styrofoam containers if there's an alternative like ( milk and egg cartons, vegetable oils, butter tubs and many more) because they cannot be recycled and they don't break down in the environment. We must think about the effects of daily actions on the environment and protect them as well, People think there is not much they can do but there are a lots of things that people willing and could do. [[image:RecyclingRebecca_blacklogo_o_large.jpg]]


 * People can use electric heater instead of fire places, people also can use less heat and air conditioning, hot water must use less. People in cities can start travel by public transportation or use bicycles. They could build more parks, they could have more recycles bar, more composting. Instead of cutting down the trees, people must plant more trees, have highest density house so the houses cannot take more lands. They can use salt water instead of chlorinate water. People can clean or sweep the road once a week to keep the city clean. [[image:plant_a_tree_for_the_planet_434505.jpg]]


 * The government can give money back to people who use public ticket transportation. They can also find different energy source, instead of coal and gases. The government should tell people to drive three days a week in downtown, because if you drive car too much gases can also cause the climate change. Government should tell car maker to make more electric cars and government should tell company to clean up their own pollution so we don't have to do. [[image:cartoon_bus_wt.jpg]]

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 * // __Bibliography__ //**


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 * Both use last week April 23...**